The Growth and Export of Coffee from 1821

Although coffee was introduced to Costa Rica in the early 19th century, several decades passed between its arrival and its consolidation as the country’s primary export crop.

1820s - The Beginnings

During this formative period, Costa Rican authorities actively encouraged coffee cultivation through a series of incentives:

1821 – The Municipality of San José distributed free coffee plants to residents to promote production

1825 – The government exempted coffee from certain taxes

1830's - First Exports to Europe

Commercial coffee exports began to develop in the early 1830s.

1831 – The National Assembly decreed that individuals who cultivated coffee for five years on undeveloped land could claim ownership of that land.

1832 - Merchant George Stiepel arranged sales routed through Chile to reach European markets.

1840s - Expansion of Trade with Europe and Great Britain

Trade with Europe expanded significantly during the 1840s following the arrival of English ship captain William Le Lacheur, whose voyages helped establish direct commercial links between Costa Rica and Great Britain. These early trading relationships played a pivotal role in transforming coffee into the backbone of the Costa Rican economy.

1850s - Infrastructure Development and Investment

By the mid-19th century, coffee exports drove infrastructure development, commercial investment, and the formation of new export houses. Improvements in transportation routes—particularly access to Pacific ports—reduced logistical barriers and accelerated international trade.

Growth to Today

Costa Rican coffee quickly gained a reputation for exceptional quality. This success was attributed to favorable growing conditions as well as the gradual adoption of improved processing methods, including wet milling and controlled fermentation techniques, which enhanced flavor and consistency.

Over time, coffee production spread across multiple regions of the Central Valley and beyond, shaping the country’s agricultural landscape and export economy for decades.